Kata kunci : Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD, Limbah, Activated Carbon, RBC, Activated Sludge
COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) adalah kebutuhan O2 untuk mengoksidasi bahan organik yang tidak terdegradasi secara biologis. Dengan kata lain juga bisa disebutkan kebutuhan O2 untuk reaksi kimia dalam mendegradasi kandungan kimia dalam suatu bahan.
"COD is necessary O2 for oxidize undegradable organic compound biologically. Other called also necessary O2 for chemical reaction to degrade chemical content in the material"
COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) adalah kebutuhan O2 untuk mengoksidasi bahan organik yang tidak terdegradasi secara biologis. Dengan kata lain juga bisa disebutkan kebutuhan O2 untuk reaksi kimia dalam mendegradasi kandungan kimia dalam suatu bahan.
"COD is necessary O2 for oxidize undegradable organic compound biologically. Other called also necessary O2 for chemical reaction to degrade chemical content in the material"
Beberapa cara untuk
menurunkan kadar COD pada limbah :
- Menggunakan Arang Tempurung Kelapa (Coconut Shell Charcoal)
Dalam
penerapannya arang ini bisa untuk menurunkan kadar COD yang dipengaruhi oleh pH (8), waktu kontak (semakain lama arang aktif akan cepat jenuh) dan suhu (suhu
tinggi daya adsorpsi semakin tinggi).
"In Application this charcoal able to reduce COD degree that affected by pH (8), time contact (so long activated charcoal so will fast saturated) and temperature (high temperature so high adsorption power."
"In Application this charcoal able to reduce COD degree that affected by pH (8), time contact (so long activated charcoal so will fast saturated) and temperature (high temperature so high adsorption power."
- Menggunakan Tangki Aerasi Bertingkat / Bersekat (Aeration Tank Baffled)
Penurunan COD sebanding dengan lama waktu aerasi dan banyaknya sekat,
jadi jika aerasi lama maka kebutuhan O2 untuk mendegradasi zat terpenuhi dan
dengan banyak sekat maka luapan air dari sekat satu ke yang lain akan menambah
jumlah O2 sehingga semakin banyak sekat maka sekat terakhir akan terkumpul O2 paling banyak dan kadar COD turun.
"Dropping of COD is proportional with length of aeration time and amount of baffle so if aeration need more time so necessity O2 to degrade chemical is fulfill and many baffle so water floaded from one baffle to other will add amount O2 so that many baffle appplied in the end baffle will collect more O2 and reduce COD degree."
"Dropping of COD is proportional with length of aeration time and amount of baffle so if aeration need more time so necessity O2 to degrade chemical is fulfill and many baffle so water floaded from one baffle to other will add amount O2 so that many baffle appplied in the end baffle will collect more O2 and reduce COD degree."
- Menggunakan Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC)
Aplikasi terbaik saat disk RBC terendam 70% dan kecepatan putar RBC 2 rpm,
jadi saat disk banyak yang tercelup ketimbang yang kontak dengan udara
mengindikasikan bahwa pembentukan lapisan mikroorganisme lebih luas karena kontak
dengan area limbah yang besar dan untuk 2 rpm lebih bagus karena jika terlalu
cepat berputar maka waktu kontak antara biofilm dengan air limbah dan udara
berkurang sehingga pembentukan lapisan mikroorganisme kurang efektif.
"The best application when RBC disk is 70% submerged and rotational velocity is 2 rpm, so when many disk is immersed than contact with air indicate that formation of microorganism layer is large because it is contact with large waste area and for 2 rpm is the best because if it is too fast rotating the time contact between biofilm with waste water and air is reduce so that formation microorganism layer is less effective."
"The best application when RBC disk is 70% submerged and rotational velocity is 2 rpm, so when many disk is immersed than contact with air indicate that formation of microorganism layer is large because it is contact with large waste area and for 2 rpm is the best because if it is too fast rotating the time contact between biofilm with waste water and air is reduce so that formation microorganism layer is less effective."
- Menggunakan Activated Sludge
Dengan menggunakan mikroorganisme pendegradasi maka dibutuhkan nutrient
yang berasal dari pupuk NPK dengan kadar 1 s/d 100 µg/L dan juga CuSO4
sebagai sumber Cu, mikroorganisme bisa aerob dan anaerob tergantung tipe bakteri serta pH yang
baik untuk berkembang mikroorganisme 6,5 – 7,5 dengan penambahan CaCO3 (dolomit) untuk mengendalikan pH dan suhu efektif 32 – 36 oC.
"Using microorganism to degrade needed nutrient from NPK fertilizer with concentration 1 - 100 µg / L and also CuSO4 as source of Cu, microorganism able aerobic and aerobic depend on bacterial type and pH to grow microorganism 6,5 - 7,5 with adding CaCO3 (dolomit) to control pH and effective temperature 32 – 36 oC."
"Using microorganism to degrade needed nutrient from NPK fertilizer with concentration 1 - 100 µg / L and also CuSO4 as source of Cu, microorganism able aerobic and aerobic depend on bacterial type and pH to grow microorganism 6,5 - 7,5 with adding CaCO3 (dolomit) to control pH and effective temperature 32 – 36 oC."
- Menggunakan Reaktor Biosand Filter + Activated Carbon
Media yang dipakai adalah pasir halus (45 cm), pasir kasar (10
cm), kerikil (15 cm) dan activated carbon (30 cm) yang telah disiapkan sesudah
pemanasan di oven 120oC. Langkah awal adalah membuat biofilm pada
reaktor dengan bahan limbah cair diisi 75% dari volume reaktor, kondisi siap
yaitu diketahui dari pengecekan kadar COD tiap 2 hari sekali dengan setiap kali
pengecekan dilakukan penambahan urea 46% sebagai sumber nutrient dan jika kadar COD berkurang dari mula - mula maka reaktor siap digunakan (anaerob 6 - 12 minggu dan aerob waktu
lebih cepat).
"Media that used are smooth sand (45 cm), rude sand (10 cm), small stone (15 cm) and activated carbon (30 cm) which had been prepared after heating in the oven 120 oC. Initial step is creating biofilm in reactor with liquid waste that filled 75% of reactor volume, ready condition is known from checking COD degree every 2 day with checking adding urea 46 % as nutrient source and if COD degree drop from initial so reactor ready used (anaerobic 6 - 12 week and aerobic faster time)."
"Media that used are smooth sand (45 cm), rude sand (10 cm), small stone (15 cm) and activated carbon (30 cm) which had been prepared after heating in the oven 120 oC. Initial step is creating biofilm in reactor with liquid waste that filled 75% of reactor volume, ready condition is known from checking COD degree every 2 day with checking adding urea 46 % as nutrient source and if COD degree drop from initial so reactor ready used (anaerobic 6 - 12 week and aerobic faster time)."
Referensi :
[1] Kasam dkk. Penurunan COD
di limbah cair. FTSP UII
[2] Mirwan, A dkk. Penurunan
kadar COD, BOD, TSS, CO2 menggunakan tangki aerasi bertingkat.
Teknik kimia univ. lambung mangkurat
[3] Sayekti, RW. Studi
efektifitas penurunan kadar COD limbah cair dengan RBC
[4] http://www.academia.edu/3320682
[5] Suligundi,BT. Penurunan
kadar COD dengan biosand filter dan activated carbon. Teknik lingkungan univ.
tanjungpura
[6] http://www.mcmurrayrotary.com/SandFilters.cfm
ARTIKEL TERKAIT :
1. Cara Menurunkan Kadar BOD Limbah Cair
2. Pengolahan Limbah Industri (Waste Water Treatment)
3. Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP)
ARTIKEL TERKAIT :
1. Cara Menurunkan Kadar BOD Limbah Cair
2. Pengolahan Limbah Industri (Waste Water Treatment)
3. Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP)
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