- Batu Kapur / Limestone (CaCO3) adalah kapur / gamping hasil penambangan dari pegunungan, berbentuk batu bongkahan atau batu serbuk
- Kapur Tohor / Quicklime (CaO) adalah kapur aktif yang sering kita temui di pasaran yang digunakan utk bahan tambahan semen bangunan, disebut kapur aktif karena sangat reaktif jika terkena air (higroskopis), dan reaksi berlangsung eksotermis, Proses pembuatan adalah batu kapur (CaCO3) dibakar pada suhu ± 900 - 1500 oC
CaCO3---> CaO + CO2 ∆H = 44 kCal
- Sebelum digunakan utk campuran semen bangunan, kapur tohor (CaO) direaksikan dengan air dulu membentuk Kapur Padam / Hydrated Lime Ca(OH)2 dan bentuk kapur akhir inilah yang biasanya digunakan dalam segala aplikasi. Proses reaksi adalah :
CaO + H2O ---> Ca(OH)2 + Panas ∆Hr = -63,7 kJ/mol
- "Limestone is the lime as result of quarry from mountains, form as rock stone or powder stone
- Quicklime is active lime that often know in the market used for building cement additives, called active lime because it is very reactive when contacted with water (hygroscopic) and the reaction is exothermic. The manufacturing process is limestone burned at range temperature 900 - 1500 oC
- Before used for mixture building cement, quicklime is reacted with water form hydrated lime and final form that usually used in all applications. The process of the reaction is :"
Proses Pengolahan Kapur Tohor adalah sebagai berikut :
Batuan kapur (CaCO3) hasil penambangan dari pegunungan dimasukkan dalam tungku pembakaran pada suhu ± 900 - 1500 oC sehingga akan terurai menjadi kapur tohor (CaO) dan gas karbon dioksida (CO2). Berbagai tungku pembakaran yang digunakan adalah :
"The process treatment of quicklime are as follows :
Lime stone the result quarry from mountains entered into burner at range temperature ± 900 - 1500 oC so that decomposed to quicklime and carbon dioxide gas. The kind of burner used are :"
"The process treatment of quicklime are as follows :
Lime stone the result quarry from mountains entered into burner at range temperature ± 900 - 1500 oC so that decomposed to quicklime and carbon dioxide gas. The kind of burner used are :"
1. Tungku Sederhana dari Tanah Liat yang Ditinggikan (Tanur Batch)
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Sumber gambar: http://muslich.blogdrive.com
Batuan kapur ditata dari atas sampai memenuhi tungku ± 20 ton dengan ketinggian ± 7 m dan dari bawah dibakar ± 3 hari dengan suhu ± 900 - 1500 oC. Kapur hasil pembakaran kemudian disiram dengan air saat kondisi panas sehingga berbentuk serbuk dan jika ingin bongkahan maka cukup didiamkan saja sesudah selesai pembakaran.
"Lime stone is arranged from top until fulfill burner ± 20 tons with height ± 7 m and from ground burned ± 3 days with range temperatures ± 900 - 1500 oC. Lime the result burning then watered while hot condition so that changed powder and if wanted chunk so locked up after finished burning."
"Lime stone is arranged from top until fulfill burner ± 20 tons with height ± 7 m and from ground burned ± 3 days with range temperatures ± 900 - 1500 oC. Lime the result burning then watered while hot condition so that changed powder and if wanted chunk so locked up after finished burning."
2. Proses Semi Kontinyu (Shaft Kiln)
Sumber gambar : heruagungsaputra.files.wordpress.com
Terbagi menjadi 3 zona yaitu
- Zona Pemanasan Awal / PreHeating (± 900 - 1000 oC)
Disini feed (batu kapur) mengalami pemanasan awal yang menghilangkan kadar air yang mungkin terikut dan mengeringkan awal feed sebelum ke tahap selanjutnya. Panas awal berasal dari burner yang mengalir counter current antara feed dan panas dari burner
"Here feed (limestone) take preheating to remove water content maybe shipped and initial drying of feed before to the next step. Initial hot come from burner that counter current flow between feed and hot gas from burner."
"Here feed (limestone) take preheating to remove water content maybe shipped and initial drying of feed before to the next step. Initial hot come from burner that counter current flow between feed and hot gas from burner."
- Zona Kalsinasi / Calcination (± 1400 - 1500 oC)
Pada zona ini feed mengalami pemanasan yang lebih tinggi dibanding zona pre heating sehingga feed berubah fase berbentuk cair
"This zone feed take heating higher than preheating zone so that feed changed phase into liquid."
"This zone feed take heating higher than preheating zone so that feed changed phase into liquid."
- Zona Pendinginan / Cooling (± 150 - 200 oC)
Tahap ini feed mengalami penurunan suhu sehingga berubah fase menjadi serbuk / bongkahan dan siap digunakan sebagai kapur tohor (CaO)
"This step feed take decrease temperature so that change phase into powder / chunk and ready used as quicklime."
"This step feed take decrease temperature so that change phase into powder / chunk and ready used as quicklime."
3. Proses Kontinyu (Rotary Kiln)
Sumber gbr : heruagungsaputra.files.wordpress.com
Sumber gbr : http://www.cementkilns.co.uk/kiln_design.html
Terbagi menjadi 4 zona diurutkan mulai dari feed masuk yaitu :
- Zona Kalsinasi / Calcination (± 900 - 1000 oC)
Disini kapur mengalami pemanasan awal, karena burner dengan feed mengalir secara couter current. Kapur berubah menjadi lelehan
"Here lime take preheating, because burner and feed counter current flow so lime turn into molten."
"Here lime take preheating, because burner and feed counter current flow so lime turn into molten."
- Zona Transisi / Transition (± 1200 - 1300 oC)
Pemanasan lanjutan yang suhunya lebih tinggi dari zona kalsinasi, disini feed sudah mulai berbentuk cair
"Advance heating that temperature higher than calcination zone, here have started a liquid feed."
"Advance heating that temperature higher than calcination zone, here have started a liquid feed."
- Zona Pembakaran / Burning (± 1400 - 1500 oC)
Pemanasan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan zona transisi, disini feed benar - benar terjadi perubahan fase menjadi cair
"Heating higher than transition zone, here feed happen changing phase into liquid."
"Heating higher than transition zone, here feed happen changing phase into liquid."
- Zona Pendinginan / Cooling (± 150 - 200 oC)
Tahap ini adalah pada bagian keluaran rotary kiln, feed yang keluar langsung diperlakukan pendinginan dan biasanya yang dipakai adalah rotary cooler. Tahap ini feed berubah fase lagi menjadi padatan (serbuk / bongkahan) tergantung perlakuan akhir.
"This step is part of output rotary kiln which treated cooling and usually used is rotary cooler. This step, feed change phase again into solid (powder / chunk) depending on the final treatment."
"This step is part of output rotary kiln which treated cooling and usually used is rotary cooler. This step, feed change phase again into solid (powder / chunk) depending on the final treatment."
Referensi :
[1] http://www.metso.com/miningandconstruction
[2] http://www.lime.org/documents
[3] http://www.roadbondsoil.com/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2011/04/aida.pdf
ARTIKEL TERKAIT :
1. Macam - Macam Alat Pengering (Dryer)
2. Proses Pembuatan Semen (Cement Manufacturing)
3. Proses Pembuatan Urea (CO(NH2)2)
ARTIKEL TERKAIT :
1. Macam - Macam Alat Pengering (Dryer)
2. Proses Pembuatan Semen (Cement Manufacturing)
3. Proses Pembuatan Urea (CO(NH2)2)
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1 comments:
A am so impresify