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28. Other, Another, Others

Diposting oleh On Saturday, September 21, 2013

  • OTHER : menunjuk pada sesuatu yg berbeda
Example : I write other post in this blog
               Yes, I know Brigit, but who is the other woman next to her?
                     Rachel and Jeff are watching TV. The other girls are out
                     I've found one of my black shoes, but I can't find the other
Juga bisa diartikan utk "yang lain tapi benda jamak"
Example : I don’t want these book. Please give me other books
  • ANOTHER : menunjuk pada sesuatu yg merupakan tambahan
Example :  I ate cookie for dessert and I want another one (tambah satu kue lagi)
                She's seeing another man.' Does her boyfriend know?
                You've already had six whiskies. Give me another
                We still need another piano player
Juga bisa diartikan utk "yang lain tapi benda tunggal"
Example : I don’t want this book. Please give me another book
  • OTHERS : menunjuk pada objek benda ketika tidak menyebutkan bendanya, sama dengan "OTHER" tapi objek benda pada kalimat dihilangkan
Example : The others didn’t want to go the movie, even though I did. (The others disini menggantikan orang lain (other people)
                Tom and Jane have 4 children. They put the children to bed while the others did the cooking
                We don't like these curtains.Could you show us some others ?

                I don’t want these book. Please give me others. (others = other books)





sumber : 
http://letspeakenglish.info
http://bimbelstangratis.blogspot.com
http://mooza-alkaz.blogspot.com
http://t4nd4tanya.blogspot.com

27. Penting Bagiku

Diposting oleh On Thursday, September 05, 2013

  • Many communities are dependent on groundwater __________ from wells for their water supply.
(A) that obtained
(B) obtained
(C) is obtained
(D) obtain it
Answer : B (obtained)
 The only correct way to complete this sentence is with a participle (obtained really means which is obtained)............(http://dedefadhillah.blogspot.com)

26. Adverb, Adjective dan Noun

Diposting oleh On Tuesday, September 03, 2013

  • Adverb = kata keterangan
Contoh : She learns quickly
  • Adjective = kata sifat
Contoh : She is an excellent dancer
  • Noun = kata benda
Contoh : She is a dancer

RUMUS PENGGABUNGAN :
* Adverb + Adjective bukan  Adjective + Adverb
Contoh : She was previously known as dancer
* Adjective + Noun bukan  Noun + Adjective
Contoh : She is an excellent dancer

25. Reduction Adverb dan Main Clause (Pemendekan 2 Kalimat)

Diposting oleh On Tuesday, September 03, 2013

Pemendekan kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris ini juga diterapkan di Bahasa Indonesia, misalnya :
 * Ketika saya sedang menonton TV, saya tertidur ------> Ketika sedang menonton TV, saya tertidur
(Penghilangan subjek "saya")

Dalam grammar Inggris seperti berikut ini :
* Penghilangan salah satu "Subjek + To be " selama pelaku subjek adalah sama
Contoh : - While I was watching TV, I fell asleep ------> (While) watching TV, I fell asleep
(penghilangan subjek + To be "I was")
              - While I was walking down the street, I came across a very strange guy -----> (While) walking down the street, I came across a very strange guy
               - Before I go to school in the morning, I usually take a shower -----> Before going to school in the morning, I usually take a shower
               - Because he wanted more money, he accepted the over -----> Wanting more money, he accepted the over (because dihilangkan)

* Jika tidak ada "TO BE", hilangkan subjek dan ganti kata kerja dg "V - Ing"
Contoh : - After I signed the report, I gave it to the manager -----> After signing the report, I gave it to the manager
             - After they found a hotel, they looked for a restaurant ----> Having found a hotel, they looked for a restaurant

* Jika subjek beda antara 2 kalimat, maka tidak boleh dihilangkan
Contoh : - While the teacher was speaking, I feel asleep -----> tulisan tetap

PENTING : 
Mr. X was the first man who broke the long chain of unfortunate events.
(kata dicetak miring tebal dapat diganti dg "TO + V1"-----> "To Broke")




Sumber : 
www.filitsata.com/eng/English/Adverbs
www.elc.byu.edu/classes/aoyama/grammar5
www.azargrammar.com/assets
             

24. "Which" VS "In Which / Where"

Diposting oleh On Friday, August 30, 2013

  • WHICH (yang mana)
Digunakan utk mengungkapkan seseuatu
Contoh : The chair which he broke is being repaired
Digunakan utk menentukan pilihan sesuatu
Contoh : Which do you choose, apple or orange?
  • IN WHICH / WHERE (dimana)
Digunakan utk pengungkapan tempat "In Which" sering digunakan dlm situasi formal
Contoh : There are 3 cabinets in which legal documents are kept
In my office, there are three cabinets in which legals documents are kept - See more at: http://www.belajarbahasainggrisyuk.com/contoh-penggunaan-in-which-dalam-kalimat-bahasa-inggris/#sthash.L0Jz16m4.dpuf
In my office, there are three cabinets in which legals documents are kept - See more at: http://www.belajarbahasainggrisyuk.com/contoh-penggunaan-in-which-dalam-kalimat-bahasa-inggris/#sthash.cOAa6ySo.dpuf
In my office, there are three cabinets in which legals documents are kept - See more at: http://www.belajarbahasainggrisyuk.com/contoh-penggunaan-in-which-dalam-kalimat-bahasa-inggris/#sthash.cOAa6ySo.dpuf
In my office, there are three cabinets in which legals documents are kept - See more at: http://www.belajarbahasainggrisyuk.com/contoh-penggunaan-in-which-dalam-kalimat-bahasa-inggris/#sthash.cOAa6ySo.dpuf
In my office, there are three cabinets in which legals documents are kept - See more at: http://www.belajarbahasainggrisyuk.com/contoh-penggunaan-in-which-dalam-kalimat-bahasa-inggris/#sthash.cOAa6ySo.dpuf
In my office, there are three cabinets in which legals documents are kept - See more at: http://www.belajarbahasainggrisyuk.com/contoh-penggunaan-in-which-dalam-kalimat-bahasa-inggris/#sthash.cOAa6ySo.dpuf

23. Telling the Time (Berbicara tentang Waktu)

Diposting oleh On Thursday, August 29, 2013

  • Jam
* Mengucapkan jam dulu baru menit
Contoh : 7.45 (seven forty-five)
*  Utk 01-09 kita bisa mengucapkan "0" sebagai "oh"
Contoh : 7.05 (seven oh five)
* Pengucapan yg berbeda utk jam 7.45 dimulai dari menit dulu baru jam
Contoh : Jam 7 lebih 45 menit (fortyteen minutes past seven)
              Jam 8 kurang 15 menit (fifteen minutes to eight)
* Penggunaan kata a.m (ante meridiem) yaitu antara jam 00.00 - 12.00 dan p.m (post meridiem) yaitu antara jam 12.00 - 00.00
Contoh : 3.15 (three fifteen a.m)

CATATAN :
Penggunaan jam utk umum adalah mulai 00.00 - 24.00
Contoh : jam 8 malam = 20.00 (twenty o'clock)
  • Tanggal
Contoh : 5 Oktober 2005 (fifth of October, two thousands and five)
              Oktober 5, 2005 (October fifth, two thousands and five)
2004 (two thousand and four)
1998 (nineteen ninety-eight)
1805 (eighteen hundred and five / eighteen oh five)

21. When vs While (Ketika)

Diposting oleh On Wednesday, March 06, 2013

Jika kita memakai when maka kalimat yang kita letakkan sesudah when adalah dalam bentuk simple past tense. Jika kita memakai while maka kalimat yang kita letakkan sesudah while adalah dalam bentuk simple past continuous tense.

Contoh : 
When
  •  She was walking when I took her picture.
  • When they came, I was eating. 
While
  • I called my mother while she was watching TV.
  • While my mother watching TV, I called her.

20. Preposition of Time (IN, ON, AT)

Diposting oleh On Sunday, February 17, 2013

IN

  • Digunakan utk waktu seperti (in the evening, in the morning, in the afternoon)
  • Digunakan utk periode waktu yang lainnya seperti musim (in the winter, in the summer, in the spring, dll), bulan (in June), tahun (in 1989), abad (in 21 centuries)
  • Digunakan utk nama kota besar dan negeri or nama tempat saat pembicara berlangsung. (He lives in USA)
ON
  • Digunakan sebelum nama hari (on Sunday, on Monday, on August 10, on New Year's Day)
PENTING :
  • Jika hanya nama hari saja atau lengkap menggunakan tanggal / bulan / tahun gunakan ON, jika hanya nama bulan, musim, abad, atau tahun saja maka gunakan IN
AT
  • Digunakan utk waktu-waktu tertentu seperti :
My brother gets up at 4.00 AM
He goes to school at 7.00 every morning.
I usually watch TV at night.
  • Digunakan utk nama kota kecil dan desa or pembicaraan yg tempatnya jauh. (I passed my holidays at puncak)

19. A Little / Little dan A Few / Few (Arti Sedikit)

Diposting oleh On Sunday, February 17, 2013

A Little dan Little

  • Digunakan utk untuk benda yang tidak bisa dihitung (uncountable noun)
  • Kata a little mempunyai makna positif (pembicara merasa puas dan merasa cukup) sedangkan little mempunyai makna negatif ( pembicara tidak merasa puas dan tidak merasa cukup) 
Contoh :
  • She needs a little sugar
  • I have a little money (pembicara merasa cukup atas uang itu)
  • I have little money (pembicara tidak merasa cukup atas uang itu) 
A Few dan Few
  • Digunakan utk untuk benda yang bisa dihitung (countable noun)
  • Kata a few mempunyai makna positif (pembicara merasa puas dan merasa cukup) sedangkan  few mempunyai makna negatif ( pembicara tidak merasa puas dan tidak merasa cukup)
Contoh :
  • Doni has a few books (pembicara merasa cukup atas buku itu) 
  • Do you bring a few pencils?
  • I have few books (pembicara tidak merasa cukup atas buku itu) 

18. Artikel A / An / The

Diposting oleh On Sunday, February 17, 2013

Artikel "A" digunakan utk kata benda yang berawal konsonan
Contoh :

  • A pen
  • A car
  • A banana
Artikel "An" digunakan utk kata benda yang berawal vokal
Contoh :

  • An apple
  • An egg
  • An orange
 Artikel "The" digunakan utk kata benda yang pasti
  • Please open the door
  • I like the little singer
PENGECUALIAN :
  • A hour (salah) seharusnya An hour (benar) karena huruf "h" jika dilafalkan mendekati bunyi vokal (a)
  • An university (salah) seharusnya A university (benar) karena huruf "u" jika dilafalkan mendekati bunyi konsonan (j)

17. Have dan Has (Mempunyai)

Diposting oleh On Sunday, February 17, 2013

Have dan Has punya arti sama yaitu "mempunyai", yang membedakan adalah penggunaan subjeknya

Have digunakan utk subjek (I, you, they, we)
Contoh :
  • I have a car
  • You have 3 apples
  • They have a big house
  • We have a pen
  • The boys have some books (subjek jamak dianggap "they")
Has digunakan utk subjek (she, he, it)
Contoh :
  • She has a pencil
  • He has 2 cars
  • It has a pen
  • The cat has a fish (subjek tunggal dianggap "it") 

16. Possesive Adjective / Noun (Menerangkan Kepemilikan)

Diposting oleh On Sunday, February 17, 2013

Subejct         Possessive Adjective             Object
    I                           my                                    me
  you                       your                                   you
   we                         our                                    us
   they                       their                                 them
   she                        her                                    her
   he                          his                                     his
    it                            its                                     it
Untuk membuat possessive nouns, kita harus menambahkan " 's/' " setelah nama
Fida's book
Feri's pen
My mother's house
The children's teacher
My parent's stove

Jika benda tersebut berbentuk jamak dengan menambahkan "s", untuk membuat possessive nounnya yaitu dengan " ' " saja, bukan " 's"
Contoh :
My sisters' book
The parents' house
The cats' food
The students' teacher

Jika benda tersebut berbentuk jamak yang tidak beraturan/ irregular plural nouns, maka kita harus menambahkan " 's "
 Contoh :
 The children's teacher
 The men's pen
 The women's parents
 People's food
 The mice's cage

15. Question Tag (Kalimat Meminta Persetujuan)

Diposting oleh On Sunday, February 03, 2013

  • Jika pernyataan positif, question tagnya negatif
Examples : 
* It is a nice day, isn’t it?  
* Fida can cook, can’t she?
Utk modal seperti (can, will,may, shall, would, should, might dll) maka cukup menambahkan "not" sesudah modal tsb
  • Jika pernyataan negatif, question tagnya positif
Examples :
* She is not happy, is she? 
* Fida didn’t like cook, did she? 
  • Kata bantu dalam question tag tergantung pada kata bantu dalam pernyataannya. Dalam simple present tense dan simple past tense, kata bantu dalam question tag-nya harus do/does dan did.
Examples :
* She likes cooking, doesn’t she? 
* She cooked a meal for Dina, didn’t she? 
* They always come late, don’t they? 
  •  Pernyataan “I am….,” yang positif, question tagnya bukan “am not I?” tetapi “aren’t I?”
pernyataan yang negative, question tagnya tetap “am I?”
Examples :
* I am a doctor, aren’t I? 
* I am working hard, aren’t I? 
* I am not a doctor, am I? 
* I am not working hard, am I? 
  • Ada kata-kata yang memliki arti negatif, sehinggga questionnya menjadi positif jika ada kata berikut dalam kalimat :
Never                  : tidak pernah / belum pernah
Seldom / rarely   : jarang
Hardly ever / barely / scarcely : hampir tidak
By no mean         : sama sekali tidak
Few                      : sedikit
No / not any / none (no + kata benda)
Examples :
* She never goes to school late, does she? 
* She has no chicken, has she? 
* They seldom get up early, do they?
  • Untuk kalimat perintah, question tagnya “will you?”
  • Untuk kalimat ajakan, question tagnya “shall we?”
Examples :
* Close the door, will you? 
* Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?
   

14. Concord (Penyesuaian Unsur Kalimat)

Diposting oleh On Wednesday, January 30, 2013

Noun dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu :

  • Countable noun (bisa dihitung)
Example : books, fans, doors
  • Uncountable noun (tdk bisa dihitung)
Example : water, air, food, sugar, tea

Benda yg selalu dianggap "tunggal"
* Everybody, everyone, every, each, much....
* Benda jamak yg diawali either of dan neither of
* Kata benda yg diawali the number of, a / an + adjective
Example : The number of students does the test. (tunggal)


Benda yg selalu dianggap "jamak"
* Benda yg berpasangan (jeans, glasses, shoes)
* Kata benda both of dan both..and
* Kata benda yg diawali a number of, the + adjective
* Kata benda yg dihubungkan either...or..., neither...nor... , not only..., but also...
Example : A number of students do the best. ( jamak)


 PENTING :
  • Countable noun diawali artikel a / an/ the
  • Uncountable noun selalu tunggal dan tdk berawalan a / an/ the
Example :
* Three minutes is all I need to fix the computer (uncountable noun)
  • Gerund yang berfungsi sebagai subjek, selalu diikuti verba tunggal
Example :
* Planting trees is necessary to decrease the level of pollutants in the air

13. Conditional Sentence (Kalimat Bersyarat)

Diposting oleh On Wednesday, January 30, 2013

Ada 3 macam yaitu :

  • Tipe I (future)
If + simple present tense, future tenses
"untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang mungkin terjadi jika syaratnya terpenuhi"


Example :

* If Boby meets Nana, he will be happy
-----Fakta : Boby bisa senang dan juga bisa tidak tergantung bertemu Nana atau tidak (Future Tense)
  • Tipe II (present)
If + simple past tense, past future tense
"untuk mengungkapkan hal yang kemungkinan terjadinya kecil atau barangkali saja terjadi di masa depan"


 Example :

* If I had my own motorbike, I would go there my self
-----Fakta : I don't have my own motorbike, so I don't go there my self  (Present Tense)
* They would not be angry, if you don't cheat them
-----Fakta : They are angry because you cheat them  (Present Tense)

To be yg dipakai utk semua subjek adalah were
Example :

* If I were you, I would stay in my room in this cold weather
-----Fakta : I don't stay in my room because I am not you
  • Tipe III (Past)
If + past perfect tense, past future perfect tense
"untuk mengungkapkan hal yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena waktunya sudah lewat, atau membayangkan hal yang mungkin terjadi di masa lalu"

Example :

* If I had chosen the right one, I would not have regretted it
-----Fakta : I didn't choose the right one, so regretted it  (Past Tense)

PENTING :

# Fakta selalu naik 1 tingkat level tenses (kurang lampau)
# Conditional selalu lebih lampau 1 tingkat dari faktanya
# Fakta (tenses pada "if" naik 1 tingkat kurang lampau)

Conditional Sentence Tanpa "IF"
Tipe II------- Were + S + Complement
            ------- Had + S + V3

 Example :
* If I were a princess, I could get everything
------were I princess,  I could get everything
* If I had got talent in singing, I would have become a fomous singer
------had I got talent in singing, I would have become a fomous singer

12. To Infinitive dan Gerund

Diposting oleh On Wednesday, January 30, 2013

Infinitive ada 2 yaitu :

1. To Infinitive
Beberapa kata kerja yg diikuti "to" :

hope to            plan to            intend to      decide to
promise to       agree to          offer to         refuse to
seem to           appear to        pretend to     ask to
expect to         would like to   want to         need to
tell to               invite to           require to     remind to
advise to          permit to         order to       warn to
encourage to    allow to           force to        learn to

2. Bare Infinitive
Gerund :
Beberapa kata kerja yg diikuti "gerund" :

admitting           delaying             resisting         advicing
recalling            keeping              risking           mentioning
enjoying            avoiding             minding         regreting
tolerating           finishing             forgetting       considering
remembering     understanding    completting    suggesting
denying             stopping            missing           practicing

PERKECUALIAN :
Beberapa kata kerja yg diikuti "to infinitive dan gerund" :


allow              attempt      begin        fear
cease              continue    deserve     love
hate                intend        like           prefer
neglect            omit          permit
recommend     start          bother

 Kata kerja bila diikuti "to" (belum berlangsung) sedangkan bila diikuti "gerund" (sudah berlangsung)
come    remember
forget    stop
mean     try

11. Ellipsis (So, Too, Either, Neither Pemendekan Gabungan Kalimat )

Diposting oleh On Wednesday, January 30, 2013

1. So / Too
Example :
* Rina is very happy. I am very happy
----Rina is very happy and so am I
----Rina is very happy and I am too

 2. Either / Neither
Example :
* I didn't go last night. Widy didn't go last night
----I didn't go last night and neither did Widy
----I didn't go last night and Widy didn't either

 3. And, Or, But, Nor
Example :

I don't have food nor money

4. But, Whereas, While

 PENTING :

  • Both...and...
  • Not only...but also...
  • Either...or...Neither...nor...
  • Whether...or...

10. Degree of Comparison (Perbandingan 2 Hal)

Diposting oleh On Wednesday, January 30, 2013

Ada 3 macam :

1.  Positive Degree (tingkatan setara)
...as + adjective / adverb + as...
...the same + noun + as...

Example :

* Don't worry, I will be as happy as before
* Hanna is the same age as I am

2.  Comparative Degree (tingkatan lebih)
...adjective / adverb + er + than
...more + adjective / adverb + than

 3.  Superlative Degree (tingkatan lebih)

...the + adjective / adverb + est

...the + most + adjective / adverb

 PENGECUALIAN :
         
          Positive          Comparative        Superlative

  • Good / Well        Better                       Best
  • Bed / Bedly         Worse                      Worst
  • Much / Many       More                       Most
  • Little                    Less                         Least
  • Far                      Farther / Further       Farthest / Furthest

9. Word Order (Urutan Kata Bahasa Inggris)

Diposting oleh On Wednesday, January 30, 2013

Urutan Noun Phrase

1.  Determiner
(a, an, the, some, many, few, my, your, this, that dll)

2.  Ordinate

  • Numeral (jumlah / angka)----- one, two dll
  • Comparative adjective (perbandingan)---------more, most
3.  Epitet
  • Opinion-------interesting, beautiful
  • Size-----------big, large
  • Age-----------old, young
  • Temperature--cold, hot
  • Shape---------round, square
  • Color--------- red, blue
  • Origin---------japanese, indonesian
  • Material-------leather, silk
  • Participle------covered, painted
4.  Classifying (kata benda atau gerund yg fungsi sbg penjelas kata utama)
Dining room, history book

5. Head
Dining room, history book


Contoh Noun Phrase :
* The three handsome tall young Italian boys (tiga anak laki2 muda yg tinggi dan tampan)


Adverb of manner (keterangan cara) :
Contohnya :

* beautifully, happily, loudly
* utk good bukan goodly tapi well
* Adverb yg tdk boleh diberi "ly" seperti deep, far, early, fast, hard, high, low, late, near, much


 PENTING :

* Beautiful twelve year old ------(benar) karena satu paket dalam "..."
   Beautiful twelve years old -----(salah)
* A five hundred word composition ------ (benar)
   A five hundred words composition ----- (salah)