Menghitung NPSHA dan NPSHR Pompa
On Monday, September 30, 2013
Istilah di dalam sistem perhitungan pompa :
- Kavitasi
- NPSHA
- NPSHR
Pengertian istilah tsb ada disini
Untuk menghitung nilai NPSHA kita
menggunakan rumus :
NPSHA = (static head + surface pressure
head + pressure gauge) - (vapor pressure + friction losses in the piping, valves
and fittings)
Istilah2 yg harus dipahami :
- Static Head : tinggi yg diukur dari tengah suction pipe ke atas sampai permukaan atas cairan, dan kalau arah ke bawah berarti nilai static head negative (-)
- Surface Pressure Head : tinggi yg didapatkan dari mengkonversi nilai tekanan yg ada pada permukaan cairan dan dihitung harus dalam pressure absolut (Pabs)
- Vapor Pressure : disediakan grafik T vs P (Grafik 1) utk berbagai cairan, disini akan didapatkan nilai pressure (P) dan dikonversi ke head
- Friction Loss : menggunakan data yg ada dalam tabel utk penghitungan (Grafik 2)
- Pressure Gauge : selisih pressure antara pressure absolut dengan pressure lingkungan (1 atm)
Macam konversi pembacaan grafik dari "pembacaan
tekanan" diubah ke "head" :
(Inches of mercury x 1.133) / s.g = feet of liquid
(Pounds per square inch x 2.31) / s.g = feet of liquid
Millimeters of mercury / (22.4 x s.g) = feet of liquid
Grafik 1.
Tekanan Absolut Cairan berdasar Tekanan Uap
Grafik 2.
Koefisien Tahanan (K) utk Valve dan Fitting
Contoh soal : (adapted from
www.mcnallyinstitute.com)
Sumber : www.mcnallyinstitute.com
- Atmospheric pressure = 14.7 psi
- Gage pressure =The tank is at sea level and open to atmospheric pressure.
- Liquid level above pump centerline = 5 feet
- Piping = a total of 10 feet of 2 inch pipe plus one 90° long radius screwed elbow.
- Pumping =100 gpm. 68°F. fresh water with a specific gravity of one (1).
- Vapor pressure of 68°F. Water = 0.27 psia from the vapor chart.
- Specific gravity = 1
- NPSHR (net positive suction head required, from the pump curve) = 9 feet
PERHITUNGAN :
NPSHA = (static head + surface
pressure head + pressure gage) - (vapor pressure + friction losses in the
piping, valves and fittings)
- Static head = 5 feet
- Atmospheric pressure = (pressure x 2,31) / s.g = 14,7 x 2,31 / 1 = 34 feet absolute
- Gage pressure = 0 (karena tdk vakum)
- Vapor pressure of 68°F. Water converted to head = (pressure x 2,31) / s g = 0,27 x 2,31 / 1 = 0,62 feet
- Looking at the friction charts:
- 100 gpm flowing through 2 inch pipe shows a loss of 17,4 feet for each 100 feet of pipe or 17.4/10 = 1.74 feet of head loss in the piping
- The K factor for one 2 inch elbow is 0,4 x 1,42 = 0,6 feet
- Adding these numbers together, 1,74 + 0,6 = a total of 2,34 feet friction loss in the pipe and fitting.
NPSHA (net positive suction head available) = 34 + 5 +
0 – 0,62 – 2,34 = 36,04 feet
The pump required 9 feet of head at 100 gpm. And we
have 36.04 feet so we have plenty to spare.
RUMUSAN SINGKATNYA :
Referensi : Diolah dari berbagai sumber
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